penalize vs correct

penalize is not an adjective while correct is an adjective.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
penalize	No	No	Yes	No
correct	No	Yes	Yes	No

As verbs, correct is a hyponym of penalize; that is, correct is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than penalize:

penalize (adjective)	correct (adjective)
	free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth
	correct in opinion or judgment
	socially right or correct
	in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure

penalize (verb)	correct (verb)
impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on	treat a defect
	make right or correct
	alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard
	censure severely
	fall in value
	punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience
	make reparations or amends for
	adjust for