rate vs pass judgment

rate is a noun but pass judgment is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
rate	Yes	No	Yes	No
pass judgment	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, pass judgment is a hypernym of rate; that is, pass judgment is a word with a broader meaning than rate:

Other hypernyms of rate include evaluate, judge.

rate (noun)	pass judgment (noun)
the relative speed of progress or change
amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis
a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure
a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

rate (verb)	pass judgment (verb)
assign a rank or rating to	form a critical opinion of
estimate the value of
be worthy of or have a certain rating