ration vs apportion

ration is a noun but apportion is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
ration	Yes	No	Yes	No
apportion	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, apportion is a hypernym of ration; that is, apportion is a word with a broader meaning than ration:

ration: distribute in rations, as in the army
apportion: distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose

Other hypernyms of ration include allocate.

ration (noun)	apportion (noun)
the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)
a fixed portion that is allotted (especially in times of scarcity)

ration (verb)	apportion (verb)
distribute in rations, as in the army	give out as one's portion or share
restrict the consumption of a relatively scarce commodity, as during war	distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose