residual vs component

residual and component both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
residual	Yes	Yes	No	No
component	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, component is a hypernym of residual; that is, component is a word with a broader meaning than residual:

Other hypernyms of residual include component part, constituent, part, portion.

residual (noun)	component (noun)
(often plural) a payment that is made to a performer or writer or director of a television show or commercial that is paid for every repeat showing	an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system
something left after other parts have been taken away	an abstract part of something
	something determined in relation to something that includes it

residual (adjective)	component (adjective)
relating to or indicating a remainder