residue vs component part

residue and component part both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
residue	Yes	No	No	No
component part	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, component part is a hypernym of residue; that is, component part is a word with a broader meaning than residue:

residue: something left after other parts have been taken away
component part: something determined in relation to something that includes it

Other hypernyms of residue include component, constituent, part, portion.

residue (noun)	component part (noun)
something left after other parts have been taken away	something determined in relation to something that includes it
matter that remains after something has been removed