residuum vs component

residuum and component both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
residuum	Yes	No	No	No
component	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, component is a hypernym of residuum; that is, component is a word with a broader meaning than residuum:

Other hypernyms of residuum include component part, constituent, part, portion.

residuum (noun)	component (noun)
something left after other parts have been taken away	an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system
	an abstract part of something
	something determined in relation to something that includes it