see vs observe

see is a noun but observe is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
see	Yes	No	Yes	No
observe	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, observe is a hypernym of see; that is, observe is a word with a broader meaning than see:

see: observe as if with an eye
observe: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of by perception with the eyes

Other hypernyms of see include detect, discover, find, notice.

see (noun)	observe (noun)
the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

see (verb)	observe (verb)
deem to be	stick to correctly or closely
perceive (an idea or situation) mentally	make mention of
get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally	watch attentively
be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something	observe with care or pay close attention to
deliberate or decide	discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of by perception with the eyes
make sense of; assign a meaning to	follow with the eyes or the mind
find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort	show respect towards
match or meet	behave as expected during of holidays or rites
receive as a specified guest	conform one's action or practice to
imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind
come together
conduct someone someplace
perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
perceive or be contemporaneous with
see or watch
see and understand, have a good eye
observe as if with an eye
undergo or live through a difficult experience
observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect
date regularly; have a steady relationship with
go to see a place, as for entertainment
go to see for professional or business reasons
go to see for a social visit
take charge of or deal with