student vs memorizer

student and memorizer both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
student	Yes	No	No	No
memorizer	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, memorizer is a hyponym of student; that is, memorizer is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than student:

student: someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs
memorizer: a person who learns by rote

Other hyponyms of student include memoriser, quick study, sponge, dweeb, grind, nerd, swot, wonk, tutee.

student (noun)	memorizer (noun)
a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution	a person who learns by rote
someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs