translate vs understand

translate and understand both are verbs.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
translate	No	No	Yes	No
understand	No	No	Yes	No

As verbs, translate and understand are synonyms defined as:

Other synonyms of translate include interpret, read.

As verbs, understand is a hypernym of translate; that is, understand is a word with a broader meaning than translate:

translate (verb)	understand (verb)
change the position of (figures or bodies) in space without rotation	know and comprehend the nature or meaning of
change from one form or medium into another	perceive (an idea or situation) mentally
make sense of a language	believe to be the case
restate (words) from one language into another language	make sense of a language
determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis by using information on the messenger RNA	be understanding of
express, as in simple and less technical language
bring to a certain spiritual state
subject to movement in which every part of the body moves parallel to and the same distance as every other point on the body
be translatable, or be translatable in a certain way
be equivalent in effect