tribal sheikh vs ruler

tribal sheikh and ruler both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
tribal sheikh	Yes	No	No	No
ruler	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, ruler is a hypernym of tribal sheikh; that is, ruler is a word with a broader meaning than tribal sheikh:

Other hypernyms of tribal sheikh include adult male, man, swayer.

tribal sheikh (noun)	ruler (noun)
the leader of an Arab village or family	measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths
	a person who rules or commands