yellow woman vs adult female

yellow woman and adult female both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
yellow woman	Yes	No	No	No
adult female	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, adult female is a hypernym of yellow woman; that is, adult female is a word with a broader meaning than yellow woman:

Other hypernyms of yellow woman include woman, oriental person.

yellow woman (noun)	adult female (noun)
offensive term for an Asian woman	an adult female person (as opposed to a man)