artery vs arterial blood vessel

artery and arterial blood vessel both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
artery	Yes	No	No	No
arterial blood vessel	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, artery and arterial blood vessel are synonyms defined as:

artery and arterial blood vessel: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

Other synonyms of artery include arteria.

artery (noun)	arterial blood vessel (noun)
a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic	a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body