buttonhole vs hole

buttonhole and hole both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
buttonhole	Yes	No	Yes	No
hole	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, hole is a hypernym of buttonhole; that is, hole is a word with a broader meaning than buttonhole:

buttonhole (noun)	hole (noun)
a hole through which buttons are pushed	an opening deliberately made in or through something
	one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course
	informal terms for the mouth
	an opening into or through something
	a depression hollowed out of solid matter
	an unoccupied space
	informal terms for a difficult situation
	a fault

buttonhole (verb)	hole (verb)
detain in conversation by or as if by holding on to the outer garments of; as for political or economic favors	make holes in
	hit the ball into the hole