career vs advancement

career and advancement both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
career	Yes	No	Yes	No
advancement	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, advancement is a hypernym of career; that is, advancement is a word with a broader meaning than career:

Other hypernyms of career include advance, forward motion, onward motion, procession, progress, progression.

career (noun)	advancement (noun)
the particular occupation for which you are trained	the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)
the general progression of your working or professional life	gradual improvement or growth or development
	encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

career (verb)	advancement (verb)
move headlong at high speed