career vs progression

career and progression both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
career	Yes	No	Yes	No
progression	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, progression is a hypernym of career; that is, progression is a word with a broader meaning than career:

Other hypernyms of career include advance, advancement, forward motion, onward motion, procession, progress.

career (noun)	progression (noun)
the particular occupation for which you are trained	the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)
the general progression of your working or professional life	a movement forward
	a series with a definite pattern of advance

career (verb)	progression (verb)
move headlong at high speed