career vs progress

career and progress both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
career	Yes	No	Yes	No
progress	Yes	No	Yes	No

As nouns, progress is a hypernym of career; that is, progress is a word with a broader meaning than career:

Other hypernyms of career include advance, advancement, forward motion, onward motion, procession, progression.

career (noun)	progress (noun)
the particular occupation for which you are trained	the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)
the general progression of your working or professional life	gradual improvement or growth or development
	a movement forward

career (verb)	progress (verb)
move headlong at high speed	develop in a positive way
	form or accumulate steadily
	move forward, also in the metaphorical sense