coloring vs food color

coloring and food color both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
coloring	Yes	No	No	No
food color	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, coloring and food color are synonyms defined as:

coloring and food color: a digestible substance used to give color to food

Other synonyms of coloring include colouring, food coloring, food colour, food colouring.

coloring (noun)	food color (noun)
the act or process of changing the color of something	a digestible substance used to give color to food
a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect
a digestible substance used to give color to food