food color vs food coloring

food color and food coloring both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
food color	Yes	No	No	No
food coloring	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, food color and food coloring are synonyms defined as:

food color and food coloring: a digestible substance used to give color to food

Other synonyms of food color include coloring, colouring, food colour, food colouring.

food color (noun)	food coloring (noun)
a digestible substance used to give color to food	a digestible substance used to give color to food