dame vs young woman

dame and young woman both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
dame	Yes	No	No	No
young woman	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, young woman is a hypernym of dame; that is, young woman is a word with a broader meaning than dame:

Other hypernyms of dame include fille, girl, miss, missy, young lady.

dame (noun)	young woman (noun)
informal terms for a (young) woman	a young female
a woman of refinement