gauge vs penalize

gauge is a noun but penalize is not a noun.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
gauge	Yes	No	Yes	No
penalize	No	No	Yes	No

gauge (noun)	penalize (noun)
a measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity such as the thickness of wire or the amount of rain etc.
the distance between the rails of a railway or between the wheels of a train
the thickness of wire
diameter of a tube or gun barrel
accepted or approved instance or example of a quantity or quality against which others are judged or measured or compared

gauge (verb)	penalize (verb)
measure precisely and against a standard	impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on
adapt to a specified measurement
mix in specific proportions
judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)
determine the capacity, volume, or contents of by measurement and calculation
rub to a uniform size