lab vs research laboratory

lab and research laboratory both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
lab	Yes	No	No	No
research laboratory	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, lab and research laboratory are synonyms defined as:

lab and research laboratory: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research

Other synonyms of lab include laboratory, research lab, science lab, science laboratory.

lab (noun)	research laboratory (noun)
a workplace for the conduct of scientific research	a workplace for the conduct of scientific research