lingual artery vs arteria

lingual artery and arteria both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
lingual artery	Yes	No	No	No
arteria	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, arteria is a hypernym of lingual artery; that is, arteria is a word with a broader meaning than lingual artery:

lingual artery: an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue
arteria: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

Other hypernyms of lingual artery include arterial blood vessel, artery.

lingual artery (noun)	arteria (noun)
an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue	a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body