ophthalmic artery vs arteria

ophthalmic artery and arteria both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
ophthalmic artery	Yes	No	No	No
arteria	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, arteria is a hypernym of ophthalmic artery; that is, arteria is a word with a broader meaning than ophthalmic artery:

ophthalmic artery: a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures
arteria: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

Other hypernyms of ophthalmic artery include arterial blood vessel, artery.

ophthalmic artery (noun)	arteria (noun)
a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures	a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body