penalty vs correction

penalty and correction both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
penalty	Yes	No	No	No
correction	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, correction is a hyponym of penalty; that is, correction is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than penalty:

penalty (noun)	correction (noun)
the act of punishing, or the infliction of a penalty	the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake; setting right
the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or condition	treatment of a specific defect
(games) a handicap or disadvantage that is imposed on a competitor (or a team) for an infraction of the rules of the game	the act of disciplining
a payment required for not fulfilling a contract	a drop in stock market activity or stock prices following a period of increases
	a rebuke for making a mistake
	something substituted for an error
	a quantity that is added or subtracted in order to increase the accuracy of a scientific measure