pentose vs monosaccharide

pentose and monosaccharide both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
pentose	Yes	No	No	No
monosaccharide	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, monosaccharide is a hypernym of pentose; that is, monosaccharide is a word with a broader meaning than pentose:

pentose: any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule
monosaccharide: a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates

Other hypernyms of pentose include monosaccharose, simple sugar.

pentose (noun)	monosaccharide (noun)
any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule	a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates