aorta vs arteria

aorta and arteria both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
aorta	Yes	No	No	No
arteria	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, arteria is a hypernym of aorta; that is, arteria is a word with a broader meaning than aorta:

aorta: the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
arteria: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

Other hypernyms of aorta include arterial blood vessel, artery.

aorta (noun)	arteria (noun)
the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries	a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body