aorta vs artery

aorta and artery both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
aorta	Yes	No	No	No
artery	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, artery is a hypernym of aorta; that is, artery is a word with a broader meaning than aorta:

aorta: the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
artery: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

Other hypernyms of aorta include arteria, arterial blood vessel.

aorta (noun)	artery (noun)
the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries	a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
	a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body