retribution vs penalty

retribution and penalty both are nouns.

Word	Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
retribution	Yes	No	No	No
penalty	Yes	No	No	No

As nouns, penalty is a hypernym of retribution; that is, penalty is a word with a broader meaning than retribution:

retribution (noun)	penalty (noun)
the act of correcting for your wrongdoing	the act of punishing, or the infliction of a penalty
the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life	the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or condition
a justly deserved penalty	(games) a handicap or disadvantage that is imposed on a competitor (or a team) for an infraction of the rules of the game
	a payment required for not fulfilling a contract